Machine Information under Linux

["Roy S Schestowitz" <sch-at-danielsorogon-dot-com@use-address-before-at.com>]

As a follow-up to a previous question of mine, is there a way of finding out
the domain name, IP address, machine name, current user or any other
identifier of a session under Linux? I need to extract this information
under MATLAB to differentiate several instances of GUI Windows residing on
separate workstations. Most people appear to use MATLAB under Window$ so I
found previous suggestions to be futile.

Roy